Describe prepubertal mania and adolescent-onset mania.
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Prepuberal Mania and Adolescent-Onset Mania
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Prepuberal Mania
Prepuberal mania is a bipolar disorder characterized by an abnormally elevated and expansive mood and increased activity and energy levels that occur in a child before puberty (Connors, 2022). It is a rare and severe psychiatric disorder in which the onset of manic symptoms occurs before age 11. Genetic factors and environmental factors are the most common etiologic aspects. Clinically, prepubertal mania is characterized by an abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, insomnia, racing thoughts, distractibility, grandiosity, and increased risk-taking behaviors (Connors, 2022).
Symptoms of mania may also include aggressive or disruptive behaviors, increased risk-taking behaviors, impulsivity, impaired judgment, and impaired social functioning. The management of prepubertal mania is often a combination of medications, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes (Cichoń et al., 2020). Medications commonly used to treat mania include mood stabilizers such as lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Psychotherapy can help children learn to cope with their emotions and manage stress more effectively. Finally, lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, sleep schedule, and healthy eating can help manage mania symptoms.
Adolescent-Onset Mania
Adolescent-onset mania is a mental health disorder characterized by periods of abnormally elevated mood, energy, and thoughts. It is a form of bipolar disorder most frequently diagnosed in adolescents between 12-18 (Connors, 2022). Genetics and environmental factors are believed to cause it. Some studies have found that a family history of mood disorders and a history of trauma or stress can increase the risk of developing the disorder.
The main symptom of adolescent-onset mania is an abnormally elevated mood. Other symptoms include increased energy levels, racing thoughts, reduced need for sleep, irritability, impulsivity, and poor judgment (Cichoń et al., 2020). The primary treatment for adolescent-onset mania is medication and psychotherapy. Some of the psychopharmacological agents for treating adolescent-onset mania include mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Additionaly, CBT, a form of psychotherapy can help adolescents identify and manage triggers for their episodes. Additionally, lifestyle modifications such as adequate sleep, balanced diet, and exercising regularly assists in managing the symptoms (Cichoń et al., 2020).
References
Connors, M. H. (2022). Paediatric bipolar disorder and its controversy. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2022.28
Cichoń, L., Janas-Kozik, M., Siwiec, A., & Rybakowski, J. (2020). Clinical picture and treatment of bipolar affective disorder in children and adolescents. Psychiatria Polska, 54(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/92740
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